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docs(nexus-pdp): publish measured check latency and capacity, and correct memory and disk sizing (early access) - #670

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@EliMoshkovich EliMoshkovich commented Oct 5, 2026 •

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PER-16873; the figures come from the PER-16915 check benchmark (Oct 9–10, 2026), whose results are in pdp-benchmarks #15.

This PR does two things on the early-access Nexus PDP pages.

1. New Nexus PDP benchmarks page (/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks), in the Cloud PDP Benchmarks page's format:

  • Server-side check latency (P50/P95/P99) at about 55 req/s and 10 concurrent requests, for RBAC and ReBAC depth 0–3, on a small data set and with about 20 million facts.
  • Capacity per instance at 2 and 4 vCPU and with 20M facts, plus capacity with 1, 2 and 3 instances.
  • 4 vCPU gives 1.56× (below 2×) for most patterns and 1.95× (consistent with 2×) for depth 2. The instance was throttled at its CPU limit during the capacity runs.
  • Scale-out is consistent with linear at 3 instances. With 2 instances RBAC is one step below 2×; the cause is not established.
  • The 20M runs also differ in the checks' own (smaller) data and in the memory limit (10 vs 4 GiB).
  • Small-data-set memory is about 0.15–0.2 GiB.
  • Memory peak during snapshot load (about 5.3–6.7 GiB) and data volume use (about 7.4 GiB) with about 20M facts.
  • Capacity method: an open-model arrival rate rising 25% every 2 minutes, up to 200 concurrent requests. The latency bound is 30 ms (RBAC) and 40 ms (ReBAC), the average P99 on the Cloud PDP page.
  • Every response was checked against its expected decision. No run had a failed request or a wrong decision.
  • Methodology, access patterns with parent-relationship counts, data set contents, key results, and the limits of the results: one build, one region, x86 only, synthetic data, single-path users, no ABAC conditions, serving checks only.
  • Sizing guidance with a worked example, labelled as guidance rather than measurement.
  • Build 0.7.0-beta.50, AWS us-east-2. No cold-start figures.

The page is written to be shareable with any prospect as-is: generic, with no customer named and no internal details.

The page is linked from the Nexus PDP overview, How It Works (replacing the "no published throughput figures" caution), Deployment, Configuration, the PDP overview, the Cloud PDP Benchmarks page and the sidebar. Deployment also gets a new CPU requirement row, and 2 CPUs in the Docker and pod-spec samples (separate commit). The route inventory baseline includes the new route, and the early-access callouts are dated October 2026.

2. Memory and disk corrections, kept from earlier revisions:

  • A 2.5 GiB minimum memory limit: below 2304 MiB the embedded database can stop applying changes without reporting it (last verified on 0.7.0-beta.26).
  • The cache is sized from the container's memory limit.
  • The SURREAL_ROCKSDB_* variables only affect the snapshot step.
  • The pod spec gets a memory limit and a startup probe.
  • Disk: about 3× the snapshot during a cold start, and at least 4× during a rebuild.

How it was checked:

  • Every figure was checked against the benchmark's extract tables.
  • An independent deep review found 25 wording and method items, all fixed in abf6ef9 and 351bdba. No figure needed correcting.
  • a8e09ac addresses Zeev's third review: 4 vCPU ratios per pattern, scale-out arithmetic, the 20M capacity drop, the large data set's composition, memory, sizing beyond 3 instances, the probe wording and Next-steps length.
  • 141b54a removed an incorrect explanation of the 2-instance RBAC result ("per-connection load balancing"): the request split at the failing steps was near even. It added the 20M-fact memory and disk data points and the data-set caveat.
  • npm run build passes (0 bad links or anchors; routes and sidebars OK). cspell is clean on the Nexus PDP pages.

Before merge: @omer9564 must explicitly OK the published latency and capacity figures. His earlier approval covered a version without performance numbers.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

…ly access)

PER-16873. From the PER-16040 staging scale test (nexus-pdp 0.7.0-beta.26,
default storage-engine settings, 2.0M / 10.8M / 20.0M facts). Memory grows
with the data set and peaks during a cold start (~6.5 GiB at 20M facts),
so 'memory you configure' and a flat 4 GiB are corrected. No latency or
throughput figures.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@EliMoshkovich
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PER-16873

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Changes requested — 1 HIGH, 9 MEDIUM, 5 LOW.

Blocking:

  • HIGH docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:147 — no memory floor; below about 2.5 GiB Nexus PDP can stop applying updates without an error

Non-blocking:

  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:142 — 2.0M cold-start memory isn't from the measured build; that run peaked under load
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:144 — 20M serving memory "~2.7 GiB" isn't in the measurements (1.7–3.2 GiB)
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:146 — "+0.5" in the cold-start formula has no source; rebuilds not covered
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:140 — peaks are sampled lower bounds; runs had 8/32 GiB limits
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:150 — 5.8 GiB reading doesn't show the disk guidance holds
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:128 — sentence above the caution still says memory depends on cache sizes you set
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp.mdx:61 — the memory limit, not a setting, sizes the serving cache in this build
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-deployment.mdx:25 — pod spec sets a memory request but no limit
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:131 — configuration reference and PDP overview still give the old memory guidance
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:148 — cold-start growth claim needs its CPU caveat
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-deployment.mdx:31 — name the startup-probe endpoint and the CPU count
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:152 — "deliberately heavier than a typical one" has no source
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:123 — "grows far more slowly" has no like-for-like measurement
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:138 — small consistency fixes in the new section

Details are in the inline comments on each line.

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Comment thread docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx Outdated
Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 6, 2026 17:56

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EliMoshkovich and others added 2 commits October 6, 2026 13:06
…873)

- Add the 2.5 GiB memory floor (PER-16808) to the caution, the sizing bullet,
  the deployment Memory row and the configuration reference.
- Describe the serving cache as sized from the container memory limit
  (SurrealDB 3.2.4 defaults); scope the SURREAL_ROCKSDB_* variables to the
  snapshot load; add a memory limit to the pod spec.
- 2.0M row: cold-start peak "Not recorded"; serving ranges from the 10 s
  container working set (2.1-2.9 GiB at 10.8M, 1.7-3.2 GiB at 20M); note the
  peaks are sampled lower bounds and the runs' 8/32 GiB limits.
- Scope "peaks during a cold start" to large data sets; drop the unsourced
  +0.5 GiB end of the formula; note a rebuild was not measured.
- Disk: report measured use (0.33 / 1.6 / up to 5.8 GiB) and size the volume
  from the snapshot (3x cold start, 4x rebuild, unbounded event store).
- Cold start: CPU caveat, /health/ready startup probe, the node wait.
- Cite the container PDP's 6 KB-per-object estimate as an estimate.
- Consistency: Google Drive-style, role assignments in the change stream,
  image digest, facts link on the deployment page.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
…-sizing' into eli/per-16873-nexus-pdp-measured-sizing
Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 6, 2026 18:08

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…ecovery (PER-16873)

- 2304 MiB (2.25 GiB) is the stall point; 2.5 GiB the minimum to run at.
- Nexus PDP keeps answering from the data it already has; beta.26 reports
  nothing, and at 2 CPUs or fewer the process can stop answering.
- Restart to recover; decimal memory units count as written.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Follow-up on the two points that were open before customer-facing use. Both are now backed by a test or the owner's ticket, not only the source.

1. The memory limit sizes the serving database; SURREAL_ROCKSDB_* doesn't. I tested the measured image locally (permitio/nexus-pdp:0.7.0-beta.26@sha256:fa7012ad…, --dev-fake-data-plane, --network none, fake key) and read the serving database's RocksDB OPTIONS file at each memory limit:

--memory write buffers
2g, 3g 2 × 64 MiB
4g, 8g 4 × 64 MiB
none (35 GiB Docker VM) 8 × 128 MiB
4g + SURREAL_ROCKSDB_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE=32 MiB, …_MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_NUMBER=3, …_BLOCK_CACHE_SIZE=256 MiB 4 × 64 MiB (variables ignored)

This matches the table in the configuration reference, and PER-16808's bisect ("the embedded SDK ignores SURREAL_ROCKSDB_*"). The block cache size isn't in OPTIONS; its formula comes from SurrealDB 3.2.4's cnf.rs, as quoted in PER-16808.

2. The stall caution now matches PER-16808 and @omer9564's draft customer page (cloud-pdp #270, edge-memory.md):

  • 2304 MiB (2.25 GiB) is the stall point, and 2.5 GiB is the minimum to run at.
  • Nexus PDP keeps answering from the data it already has.
  • As of 0.7.0-beta.26 it reports nothing. At 2 CPUs or fewer the process can stop answering, which a /health liveness probe catches.
  • Restart to recover.
  • Decimal memory units count as written.

When a release carries cloud-pdp #306 (refuse to start below the floor) and #292 (ingest down, stalled_since, the write-stall metric), this caution should switch to that behavior and to the draft's "Watching for a stalled database" section. Likewise, the event-store note should change when a release carries PER-16705 (#299).

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 6, 2026 18:27

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Approved — no CRITICAL or HIGH issues found.

Non-blocking:

  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:150 — the recommended limits cover a first boot, not a rebuild
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:144 — the 2.0M row's serving range mixes two builds
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:131 — the snapshot load isn't what stalls, and the floor is worded differently across pages
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-configuration.mdx:84 — the SURREAL_ROCKSDB_* variables barely affect the snapshot load either
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/overview.mdx:53 — the PDP overview doesn't say that Nexus PDP memory still grows with the data set
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:162 — disk sizing assumes a known snapshot size, and a killed cold start leaves its copies behind
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-deployment.mdx:31 — the startup probe times are from 8 CPUs only

Details are in the inline comments on each line.

Comment thread docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx Outdated
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Comment thread docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-configuration.mdx Outdated
Comment thread docs/concepts/pdp/overview.mdx Outdated
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Comment thread docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-deployment.mdx Outdated
- Size memory for a rebuild: 4x the snapshot + 1 GiB (about 7 / 12 GiB at
  10M / 20M facts), labelled estimates, on all three pages.
- 2.0M serving memory: up to 1.5 GiB (the measured build only).
- The stall comes from applying changes, not the SST snapshot load; the
  2304 MiB floor is worded the same everywhere; raise the limit to recover.
- SURREAL_ROCKSDB_* barely affect the snapshot load either.
- PDP overview: memory still grows with the data set.
- Disk: snapshot size per million facts; a killed cold start leaves copies.
- Startup probe: fewer CPUs take longer; startupProbe in the pod spec.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 6, 2026 18:42

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Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 6, 2026 21:30
@EliMoshkovich EliMoshkovich changed the title docs(nexus-pdp): measured memory and cold start by data-set size (early access) docs(nexus-pdp): correct the memory and disk sizing guidance (early access) Oct 6, 2026
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@omer9564 Done in d3479ff, per your note. The scale-test measurements are gone: the cold start / memory table, the per-size limits, the startup times, the snapshot growth and the 36 GB comparison. No Nexus PDP numbers are published. What's left only corrects guidance that was wrong for the current build: the 2.5 GiB floor (your PER-16808 framing), the cache sized from the memory limit, the SURREAL_ROCKSDB_* scope, the pod-spec memory limit and startup probe, and the disk guidance. Check-latency numbers wait for PER-16851. Could you take a look?

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EliMoshkovich and others added 3 commits October 10, 2026 00:35
…e from them

Add a Nexus PDP Benchmarks page in the Cloud PDP Benchmarks format:
server-side check latency at a fixed rate for RBAC and ReBAC depth 0-3,
per-instance capacity at 2 and 4 vCPU and with about 20 million facts,
scale-out to 3 instances, a short method section, the limits of the
results, and step-by-step sizing guidance with a worked example.

Replace the "no published throughput figures" caution with a link to the
page, add a CPU row to the deployment requirements, add the measured
serving memory to the resource footprint, and link the page from the
Nexus PDP pages, the PDP overview, the Cloud PDP benchmarks and the
sidebar. Update the route inventory baseline for the new route.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Review follow-up on the Nexus PDP benchmarks page:
- Capacity method: a separate open-model run for each scenario, starting
  at the latency-run rate, +25% every 2 minutes, up to 200 concurrent
  requests. State the latency bound's source per policy model.
- Correctness: describe the pre-run and in-load checks; no run had a
  failed request or a wrong decision.
- Access patterns: count the parent relationships for each depth, and
  say the Cloud PDP page is not a row-by-row comparison.
- Data sets: define facts and give the full small data set.
- Key results: scope the latency results to the measured rate, say the
  large data set shows total size only, name which patterns lost a
  step, state the CPU observation and the 1.56-1.95x figure, explain
  the per-connection balancing with the per-instance shares, and give
  the memory range with its read-cache caveat.
- Sizing: mark the steps as guidance, add headroom before dividing,
  add a mixed-traffic formula and a depth 3 example.
- Limits: x86 only (arm64 not measured), ABAC conditions not measured.
- Sentence-case title, consistent P99 casing.

Elsewhere: the CPU wording on How It Works and Deployment, the memory
caveat on How It Works, "last verified on 0.7.0-beta.26" for the stall
caution, the 2-CPU stop-answering condition tied to the memory floor,
and the early-access callouts dated October 2026.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The deployment requirements now list 2 vCPU to start, with the request
equal to the limit, matching the benchmark setup. Add --cpus 2 to the
docker run sample and cpu: "2" to the pod spec's requests and limits.
Code-sample change in its own commit, per the style guide.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 10, 2026 05:45
@EliMoshkovich EliMoshkovich changed the title docs(nexus-pdp): correct the memory and disk sizing guidance (early access) docs(nexus-pdp): publish measured check latency and capacity, and correct memory and disk sizing (early access) Oct 10, 2026
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@zeevmoney @omer9564 this is a deep rewrite with the measured Nexus PDP check benchmark: a new page, /concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks. Re-requesting both of you, since the earlier approvals covered a version without performance numbers. @omer9564, the figures need your explicit OK before merge, per your rule on publishing Nexus numbers.

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…mory and disk

- Remove the per-connection balancing explanation of the RBAC scale-out
  figures; the measured ratios only resolve to whole 25% steps. State
  the 2- and 3-instance figures against linear scaling within that
  resolution, and keep load spreading as general sizing practice.
- Add the measured snapshot-load memory peak (about 5.3 to 6.7 GiB) and
  data volume use (about 7.4 GiB) with about 20 million facts, on the
  benchmarks page and in the resource footprint.
- Say the added facts were of resource types the measured checks don't
  query, so the large data set shows the effect of a large environment.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 10, 2026 05:58

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Approved — no CRITICAL or HIGH issues found.

Non-blocking:

  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks.mdx:107 — "not 2 times" isn't established for ReBAC depth 2; "CPU was at its limit" is an estimate
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks.mdx:108 — scale-out bullet misstates the depth 2 arithmetic and understates the 2-instance RBAC gap
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks.mdx:106 — the capacity drop with 20 million facts reads as measurement noise
  • MEDIUM docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks.mdx:48 — the large data set isn't the small data set plus 20 million facts
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks.mdx:109 — small-data-set memory range doesn't match the measurements
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks.mdx:120 — sizing assumes linear scale-out past 3 instances; step 3's headroom reason
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-deployment.mdx:57 — pod-spec intro asks for a startup probe the excerpt already has
  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-configuration.mdx:101 — Next steps lists go past the style guide's five links

Still open from the previous review:

  • LOW docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-how-it-works.mdx:140 — disk is sized in multiples of a snapshot size readers can't see; the per-million-facts conversion left with the removed measurements

Process note: no explicit OK of the published latency and capacity figures from omer9564 is on record yet; his earlier approval predates the figures. The source results in pdp-benchmarks are also still in review.

Details are in the inline comments on each line.

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Comment thread docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-configuration.mdx
- CPU: state the 4 vCPU gain per pattern in 25% steps (below 2x for
  RBAC and ReBAC depth 0, 1 and 3; consistent with 2x for depth 2), and
  say the instance was throttled at its CPU limit during capacity runs.
- Scale-out: correct the linear-scaling arithmetic; RBAC with 2
  instances is about one step below 2x, cause not established; measured
  up to 3 instances.
- Large data set: describe the checks' own, smaller data and the 10 GiB
  memory limit as differences besides size; the capacity drop for RBAC
  and ReBAC depth 0 and 1 is real, one 20% step.
- Small-data-set memory: about 0.15 to 0.2 GiB.
- Sizing: headroom covers below-linear scale-out instead of the step
  resolution; load test beyond 3 instances.
- Disk: give a measured volume data point for a first estimate.
- Deployment: the excerpt's startup probe is a placeholder to set from a
  timed cold start.
- Next steps lists capped at five links.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 10, 2026 14:12
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@zeevmoney thanks. All your comments are fixed in a8e09ac, with a reply on each thread.

The older still-open item (how-it-works: disk sized from a snapshot size readers can't see) is addressed with a measured data point instead of the removed per-million-facts conversion. The Disk section now says you don't see the snapshot size before the first cold start, and gives the benchmark figure as a first estimate: with about 20 million facts, the data volume used up to about 7.4 GiB. It adds that no rebuild ran in those measurements and a rebuild needs room for one more database copy, so give the volume more than that and monitor free space after the first cold start.

The build passes (0 bad links or anchors) and cspell is clean. Not merging: per Omer's rule, @omer9564's explicit OK on the published figures is still needed.

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Comment thread docs/concepts/pdp/nexus-pdp-benchmarks.mdx Outdated
…view)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 15, 2026 14:00

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